180 degree rule

The 180° rule is a basic guideline in film making that states that two characters (or other elements) in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. 

Colour Design

Colour Design is the design of colours used while filming. This can vary depending on the mood of the scene, or the location of which the programme is set. It is used in order to subconsciously put the viewers in the particular mood of the scene/situation. 

Lighting (available, artificial, key, fill, back, set)

The use of various light sources, both artificial and natural, to achieve some aesthetic or practical effect while illuminating a scene. Different uses of light are used depending on the context and mood of the scene. 

Properties (props)

Props are an object used by the actors performing in a play or a film. They are made in order to make a set and to use to enhance the effect of the filming.

Costume and Make Up

Costume is the clothes in which the characters on set wear. It usually depends on the period the film/programme is set and the social class of the people. Make up is used on the actors to make them look better and more natural on camera.

Set Design

Set design is the creation of theatrical, as well as film or television scenery. It is a visual representation of the form and arrangement of scenery and properties.

Studio

A room, building, or group of buildings where movies are produced and filming takes place. These are essential for filming as they create a set for the action to take place.

Location

Location shooting is the practice of filming in an actual setting rather than on a sound stage or back lot. In filmmaking a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actors and recording their dialog.

Production Design

The overall look of a film that illustrates the setting and visual style of the story. Includes the design of the sets, location choices, choice and supervision of props.

Score Sound Tracks

A score sound track is a narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronisation with the picture. It is used in order to add effect to the scene taking place.

Sound Perspective

Sound perspective is a sound’s position in space as perceived by the viewer given by volume, timbre, and pitch. 

Sound Mixing

The process during the post-production stage of a film or a television program in which the collection of recorded sounds are combined into one or more channels along with adjusting the many attributes of the sounds such as the source signals’ level.

Mode of Address/Direct Address

Modes of address can be defined as the ways in which relations between addresser and addressee are constructed in a text. In order to communicate, a producer of any text must make some assumptions about an intended audience. 

Voiceover

A voiceover is the voice of an unseen commentator heard during a film, television programme, etc. It is used in order to give the viewer information on what is going on.

Dialogue

A dialogue is a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie. 

Sound Bridge

When the scene begins with the carry-over sound from the previous scene before the new sound begins.

Sound Motif

A sound motif is a sound effect or combination of sound effects that are associated with a particular character, setting, situation or idea through the film. The use of sound motifs can help shape a story that requires many characters and many locations.

Sound Effect

Sound effect is when any sound, other than music or speech, artificially reproduced to create an effect in a dramatic presentation, e.g the sound of a storm or a creaking door.

Asynchronous Sound

Sound which is related to the action but not precisely synchronized with the action. Here at 1:15 is an example of asynchronous sound when a car is heard crashing.

Synchronous Sound

Sound that appears to be matched to certain movements occurring in the scene, for example when footsteps correspond to feet walking. Here at 4:40 is an example of synchronous sound when you can hear the footsteps of the two police officers.

Non Diegetic Sounds

Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action e.g. narrators commentary or mood music. Here in the first 30 seconds is an example of non diegetic sound in the form of mood music.

Diegetic Sound

Diegetic sound is sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film e.g. voice of characters or sounds made my objects in the story. Here at 17:45 is an example of diegetic sound.

Visual Effects

Visual effects are a trick of the eye that forces the audience to see only what they are supposed to see. It is used to enhance storytelling.

Post Production

Post production is the work on a film or a television programme, such as editing etc., that takes place after shooting or videotaping is completed. 

Ellipsis & Expansion of Time

An ellipsis is a time lapse in a story that shortens a plot’s duration. In editing, a cut can serve as an ellipsis. Expansion of time is when you expand time in a video, therefore making the duration of the video sequence longer than real-time. Here in the first 30 seconds is an example of expansion of time.

Slow Motion

Slow motion is a filmmaking technique in which the action on screen is slower than normal, achieved by filming at a speed faster than the standard rate and then projecting the film at the standard speed. Here from 0:15 to 0:30 is an example of slow motion editing.

Long take, Short take

A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general, usually lasting several minutes. A short take is the opposite of this, it is an interrupted shot in a film which is very short in length. Here at 3:10 is an example of a long take when the shot is focused on the man taking a drink for a long length of time.

Superimposition

Superimposition is the placement of an image or video on top of an already-existing image or video, usually to add to the overall image effect, but also sometimes to conceal something. Here is an example of Superimposition. 

Wipe

A wipe is a transition from one shot to another, where a moving line or pattern reveals the new shot. Here is an example of a wipe editing shot.

Fade in, Fade Out

Fade out is a transitional device in which either an image gradually dims until the viewer sees only a black screen while fade in is when an image slowly emerges from a black screen to a clear and bright picture. Between 1:36 and 1:42 is an example of both a fade in and a fade out.

Cut

Cut is to join shots together in the editing process. It is used in order to let the audience see two scenes which are supposed to be taking place at the same time. Here from 0:36 onwards is an example of a cut.

Dissolve

Dissolve is a gradual transition from one scene to the next; the next scene is gradually superimposed as the former scene fades out. It is used in order to fade a scene out, and can be often used to give the impression that someone is dreaming. Here at 0:27 is an example of dissolve transition. 

Insert

Insert describes a shot of some important detail in a scene that must be given the camera's full attention for a moment. Here at 1:20 is an example of an insert when the camera focuses on the mobile phone which is showing the time.

Cutaway

A typical cutaway shot usually takes place at the same time as the main action sequence, showing the audience other plot points occurring simultaneously. Here at 0:10 is an example of a cutaway.

Parallel Editing

Parallel editing is a style of editing that involves cutting back and forth between two or more scenes in which the action is taking place. Here in the first 30 seconds is an example of parallel editing.

Cross Cutting

Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. Here in the first 30 seconds is an example of cross cutting.

Jump Cut

A Jump Cut is an abrupt transition from one scene to another. Jump cuts can add a sense of speed to the sequence of events. Here in the first 15 seconds is an example of jump cuts.

Action Match

An Action Match is matching the action of characters or objects in one shot to the action in the next shot where the action continues or completes. In this clip between 0:21 and 0:25 is an example of an action match.

Graphic Match

A Graphic Match is an editing device in which a dominant shape or line in one shot provides a visual transition to a similar shape or line in the next shot. Here at 1:07 is an example of a graphic match.

Eyeline Match

Eyeline match is a film editing technique. The eyeline match is when a character is looking at something off-screen, then is followed by a cut to the object or person at which he is looking. Here at 2:09 is an example of eyeline match.

Shot/Reverse Shot (Editing)

Shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character. Here at 6:30 is an example of shot reverse shot.

Focus Pulls

Focus pulls is the refocusing of a lens during a shot to keep a moving subject in focus or to change the person or object of attention. Here at 3:13 is an example of a focus pull.

Depth of Field

The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera. Here in this clip is an example of depth of field.

Rule of Thirds

The rule of thirds refers to the way a frame is divided into thirds. Here is an example of the rule of thirds.

Framing (Composition)

Framing is to frame the center of interest with objects in the foreground. This can give a picture the feeling of depth it needs to make it more than just another snapshot. Here at 2:50 is an example of framing.

Reverse Zoom

A reverse zoom is a shot in which the magnification of the objects by the camera's lenses is decreased. Here at the start of this clip is an example of reverse zoom.

Zoom

A zoom shot is when the shot moves closer to the subject, using the lens and not the actual camera moving. Here at 2:40 is an example of a zoom shot.

Handheld Shot

A handheld shot is a shot made without benefit of tripod, dolly, or crane where the camera is held by the operator. Here at 6:45 is an example of a handheld shot.

Steadicam

Steadicam is a mechanism for steadying a hand-held camera consisting of a shock-absorbing arm to which the camera is attached. Here at 1:31:10 is an example of a steadicam.

Crane Shot

A Crane Shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane or a jib, usually to view the actors from above or to move away from them to end a scene. Here at 1:32:21 is an example of a crane shot in which a jib has been used.

Dolly (equipment)

A dolly shot is a shot that most often uses a moving cart in order to follow the subject of the scene.  Here at 0:12 there is an example of Dolly Equipment being used.

Track Movement Shot

A Tracking Shot refers to a shot in which the camera is mounted on a camera dolly which is moved along as the shot is being took. Here at 2:07 is an example of a tracking shot.

Tilt Movement Shot

A tilt movement shot is when the camera is angled either up or down. Here is an example of a tilt movement shot at 9:30.

Low Angle Shot

A low angle shot is when the camera is positioned low on the ground, making the viewer see below eye line. Here at 1:10 is an example of a low angle shot.

Pan Movement

The movement of the camera in a horizontal plane from one point of the set to another. Here in this clip of Casualty there are a few examples of Pan Movement, particularly in the first 30 seconds.

Canted Angle Shot

A Canted Angle Shot is when the camera is tilted to the side, usually to express uneasiness or tension. Here in the show Prime Suspect is an example of a canted angle shot, at 0:45.

High Angle Shot

A high angle shot is usually when the camera is located above the eyeline. Here is an example of a high angle shot at 0:50.

Over the Shoulder Shot

An Over The Shoulder Shot is a shot that gives us a characters point of view but that includes part of that character's shoulder or the side of the head in the shot. It is used in order to give the audience an intense view of a conversation. Here I found an example of an Over the Shoulder Shot from 26:55 to 27:00.

Point of View Shot

A Point of View Shot is when the camera is set at a characters viewpoint, in order for the audience to see things from their point of view. It is used in order to let the audience feel like they are in the characters mind and understand how they feel. Here I found an example of a Point of View Shot between 0:10 and 0:30.

Aerial Shot

An Aerial Shot is when the camera is based high up, usually on a crane or a special helicoptor in order to view large landscapes. I believe it is used in order to capture the setting. Here I found an example of an Aerial Shot at 0:48.

Two Shot

Two Shot is when the camera is placed at a certain point so that two people are together. Here is an example of a Two Shot between 5:35 and 5:45. I believe it is used to make the conversation scenes, involving two people, more dramatic.

Wide Shot

A video or film recording made with the camera positioned to observe the most action in the performance. Here in this clip there is an example of wideshot between 0:10 and 0:30. I believe wideshot is used in order to let the audience fully experience the action which is taking place.

Mid Shot

Here in the trailer for Downton Abbey I found an example of a Mid-Shot between 0:22 and 0:24.
A Mid-Shot is when the camera is based at a medium distance from the intended target being filmed.

Longshot

Here I found an example of a Longshot between 10:11 and 10:18.
A Longshot is when the camera is based at a distance from the target which it is focusing on.

Medium Shot

Here I found an example of a Medium Shot between 10:40 and 10:50.
A medium shot is when the camera is based at a medium distance from the intended target being filmed.

Close Up

Here at 7.35 there is an example of a Close Up.
A close up is when the camera zooms close to the specific target, in this case, a person.

Extreme Longshot

I found many examples of extreme longshot included in this short clip.
A longshot is when the camera is sat at a far distance and isn't focused on anyone inparticulary.

Scarface

The Joker